Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is a serious eye condition related to high blood sugar levels in the persons blood. The disease develops when prolonged high blood sugar levels cause progressive damage to the delicate blood vessels in the retina, causing them to leak fluid, bleed, or develop abnormal new blood vessels that can distort vision. The result is potential vision loss or blindness if left untreated. There are two primary stages of the condition: Early stage (non-proliferative) where blood vessels weaken and may leak, and advanced stage (proliferative) characterized by the growth of fragile new blood vessels that can rupture and cause severe vision complications.

Diagnosis by ophthalmologists involves examination of the retina for signs of vessel damage, leakage, or abnormal growth using specialized imaging techniques. Treatment may include laser treatments to seal leaking blood vessels, injectable medications to reduce vessel growth and inflammation, and in advanced cases, intraocular surgery. Prevention and management are crucial, involving strict diet and blood sugar control, regular eye screenings, and maintaining healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels.