Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration, (also known as age-related macular degeneration, AMD), is a progressive eye disorder that damages the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed central vision. The condition exists in two primary forms: wet AMD, where abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina and leak fluid, causing rapid and severe vision loss, and dry AMD, characterized by gradual deterioration of retinal cells. As the disease progresses, significant visual impairments occur, such as blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty reading or recognizing faces, and a gradual loss of visual clarity.

Diagnosis involves comprehensive eye examinations that include specialized visual acuity tests to assess the extent of retinal damage. Treatment varies depending on the type and stage of macular degeneration. Dry AMD management focuses on nutritional interventions, lifestyle modifications, and vitamin supplementation, while wet AMD can be treated with anti-VEGF injections to halt abnormal blood vessel growth, and laser treatments. Regular eye screenings, a healthy diet rich in antioxidants, and lifestyle modifications are crucial for prevention and management of this sight-threatening condition.